LAPL / PPL - General Aircraft Knowledge

General aircraft science deals with various aspects of aircraft construction. It starts with the various components of an aircraft. It then covers the most important on-board systems in small aircraft, the electrical system and the vacuum system. It continues with the structure and function of a simple piston engine, including fuel supply, system circuits and the propeller as well as mixture regulation by the pilot.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Flight performance and flight planning

The theory subject "Flight performance and flight planning" deals with various aspects that can influence flight performance. These include weather, mass and centre of gravity as well as different flight phases. Flight planning is about how to adequately prepare for a flight.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Operational procedures

The theoretical subject "Operational procedures / behaviour in special cases" deals with the procedures that must be followed to ensure safe flight operations. In particular, it discusses what to do in emergencies. It deals with the procedures to be followed in the event of dangerous weather or fire. In addition, special dangers during take-off and landing and the topic of off-field landings are also discussed. Finally, other technical defects that can occur are discussed.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Basics of flying

"Fundamentals of Flying" deals with the basic aerodynamic processes that cause an aircraft to fly. Firstly, air as an element and the atmosphere are dealt with, as well as air resistance and how this changes. Aspects relating to flow, lift and drag are explained and how they behave in the various phases of flight. It also deals with the control of the aircraft around the three axes, as well as special

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Communication

The theory chapter "Communication" is generally concerned with communication between the various participants in air traffic. In aviation, clear and precise communication between aircraft and ground stations is essential for a safe flow of traffic.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Meteorology

The theory subject "Meteorology" deals with the weather and all related aspects and their influence on aviation. It deals with the atmosphere, fog and clouds, rain and wind, icing, thunderstorms, larger climatic contexts, altitude measurement in aviation and how to prepare for the weather accordingly.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Human performance

The theory subject "Human Performance" is about understanding processes in the pilot's body and what effects these can have on flight. Physiological principles are described, human perception and its effects on flight. This is followed by psychological aspects, information processing and stress management and finally various behavioural strategies.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Air law and ATC procedures

Air law" deals with the legal framework for air transport. The legal basis, available services and relevant publications are explained. The air traffic regulations and the legal basis for flight personnel and flight licences are then described.

10 April 2024

LAPL / PPL - Required materials

The theoretical and practical training for the LAPL or PPL is an introduction to a previously unknown world for many people. A wide variety of items, materials and equipment are required during training. We provide an overview of the most important items required and what they are needed for.

5 January 2025

LAPL / PPL - Training procedure

There are various pilot licences that allow you to enter the world of flying. From gliders and balloons to airships. In this article, we will look at the licences for motor-powered aircraft, which are by far the most relevant licences for private pilots: LAPL and PPL. We provide an overview of exactly how the theoretical and practical training takes place, the content, procedure and completion.

10 April 2024

Software for flight planning and flight execution

There is excellent software for flight planning and flight execution. This can simplify preparation considerably and also contribute to safety. In this article, we provide an overview of the most popular products from Skydemon, ForeFlight and Garmin Pilot.

19 April 2024

Flight preparation

Conscientious flight preparation is essential to ensure safety, efficiency and legal compliance in aviation. In this article, we provide a structured overview of flight preparation in Germany, Austria and Switzerland - from weather briefing and route planning to legal requirements.

25 April 2025

Costs of flying life

Flying as a private pilot can be a fascinating hobby or a step towards a professional career in aviation. The costs vary greatly depending on the training objective, aircraft type and frequency of use.

25 April 2025

Aeroplanes

The world of aeroplanes is very diverse. It ranges from small sports aeroplanes to large commercial aircraft that can carry hundreds of passengers across continents. In this article, we take a look at aircraft, their definitions, categories and types, based on official definitions and standards.

31 March 2024

The airspaces

To ensure the safe movement of aircraft in the air, airspace is divided into certain classes and also into certain areas. Depending on the defined airspace, there are different regulations as to who is authorised to be in this space and which rules apply.

25 April 2025

The flight school

The choice of flying school is certainly a decisive factor on the way to becoming a pilot. As a rule, the flight school offers both the theoretical part of the training, possibly training and training for the radiotelephony certificate and language proficiency, as well as, of course, focussing on practical training. A flight school must be certified for this and is monitored according to precise guidelines with regard to compliance with the defined guidelines. We provide an overview of the two different

25 April 2025

The radiotelephony certificate

With a few exceptions, aircraft pilots must have a radiotelephony certificate in order to be allowed to operate in airspace. Such a certificate is therefore part of pilot training and, together with proof of general language skills and theoretical and practical flight training, must be practised as part of the training and the knowledge successfully demonstrated in an examination. We provide an overview of the various radiotelephony certificates in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, as well as their requirements,

25 April 2025

The Language Proficiency

In addition to proof of knowledge of radio phraseology, the applicant must prove general language proficiency in English or the language "used for communication in flight". This is known as language proficiency. We provide an overview of what this is all about and how it can be achieved.

25 April 2025

Medical - The airworthiness certificate

In order to start training as a pilot, an authorised aviation physician must certify the necessary medical fitness, the so-called "medical". Once obtained, this must be renewed at regular intervals. It is not permitted to fly without a valid medical. The pilot must have the medical with them on every flight. We provide an overview of the requirements and procedure, as well as a list of authorised aviation physicians.

21 February 2024

Step by step to a private pilot licence

A private pilot licence is the basis for a flying career. But what requirements must be met for this? Which documents are required and when, and what are the exact steps to obtaining a licence? We bring light into the darkness and provide a step-by-step guide from the application for a flight training licence through to completion!

25 April 2025

Additional Ratings - Licence extensions

A pilot licence provides the basis for a whole range of extensions to expand your flying horizons. In addition to the class and type ratings, which allow you to fly certain classes or types of aircraft, there are other additional ratings. We provide an overview. Which ones are available, what are the requirements and the procedure, and what advantages does each rating offer?

21 February 2024

Class and type ratings (class and type ratings)

A pilot licence provides the basis for a whole range of extensions to expand your flying horizons. We provide an overview of the two areas of type and type ratings. With a few exceptions, class and type ratings are required in addition to the actual licence in order to be allowed to fly a specific aircraft! What ratings are there, what are the requirements and procedures and what advantages does each rating offer?

21 February 2024

MPL - The Multicrew Pilot Licence

We provide an overview of the MPL licence (Multicrew Pilot Licence for Aeroplanes). This is an ICAO-compliant licence and entitles the holder to fly commercially in aircraft which, according to their certification, require exclusively a multi-crew. We provide an overview of the significance of the licence, the requirements for starting a training course and its procedure. We also provide information on which rights you acquire as a pilot and how to retain these permanently.

21 February 2024

ATPL(A) - The Airline Transport Pilot Licence

We provide an overview of the ATPL (A) licence (Airline Transport Pilot Licence for Aeroplanes). This is an ICAO-compliant licence (also known as a commercial pilot licence) and has all the privileges of a CPL (A) licence and also entitles the holder to fly aircraft commercially that require a multi-crew according to their certification. We provide an overview of the meaning of the licence, the requirements for starting a training course and its procedure. In addition

26 January 2025

CPL(A) - The Commercial Pilot Licence

We provide an overview of the CPL (A) licence (Commercial Pilot Licence for Aeroplanes). This is an ICAO-compliant licence and entitles the holder to fly aircraft of various classes and types for commercial purposes. We provide an overview of the meaning of the licence, the requirements for starting a training course and its procedure. We also provide information on which rights you acquire as a pilot and how to retain them permanently.

21 February 2024

PPL(A) - The Private Pilot Licence

We provide an overview of the PPL (A) licence (Private Pilot Licence for Aeroplanes). This is an ICAO-compliant licence and entitles the holder to fly aircraft of various classes and types non-commercially. We provide an overview of the meaning of the licence, the requirements for starting a training course and its procedure. We also provide information on what rights you acquire as a pilot and how to retain them permanently.

20 January 2025

LAPL(A) - The Light Aircraft Pilot Licence

We provide an overview of the LAPL (A) licence (Light Aircraft Pilot Licence for Aeroplanes). This is an EASA-compliant (but not ICAO-compliant) licence and entitles the holder to fly light aircraft non-commercially. We provide an overview of the meaning of the licence, the requirements for starting a training course and its procedure. We also provide information on what rights you acquire as a pilot and how to retain them permanently.

21 February 2024

SPL - The gliding licence

The SPL (Sailplane Pilot Licence) is an ICAO-compliant licence and entitles the holder to fly sailplanes. We provide an overview of the importance of the licence and the associated training. We discuss the necessary requirements, provide information on how the training takes place, how it is completed, what rights you acquire as a pilot and how to retain them permanently.

25 April 2025

UL - The sports pilot licence

The UL licence (sport pilot licence) is a national licence and entitles the holder to fly microlight aircraft. We provide an overview of the various UL aircraft, the associated licences and the training in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. We discuss the necessary requirements, provide information on how the training takes place, how it is completed, what rights you acquire as a pilot and how to retain them permanently.

24 April 2025

Licence overview for private pilots

We provide an overview of the relevant pilot licences for private flying, including an outlook towards a commercial pilot licence. What licences are there? What are their significance, requirements and the general procedure for obtaining a licence? What else is required in addition to a licence to be allowed to fly an aircraft? We provide an overview of all these questions to make it easier to get started with this topic.

24 April 2025

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