Pilot-Hub Compass

Flying abroad

Statistics show that the majority of pilots only fly in their home country. There may be various reasons for this, one reason is certainly the respect of flying in a different country, with different regulations, a different language and things that are simply different from "at home".

With this article, we want to help reduce this respect a little. Flying abroad can lead to completely new, wonderful experiences and greatly broaden your horizons.

Country-specific regulations

It is highly recommended to study the AIP of the respective country in advance. Each country may deviate from the global ICAO guidelines in some areas and you should inform yourself in advance in order to be prepared accordingly. 

We have summarised the most important information for each country in the Pilot Hub.

In this article, we will look at general issues such as the necessary licences and requirements, the necessary preparation and things like entry and customs. 

You will also find an overview of the various country-specific regulations at the end of the article.

Licences and conditions

The freedom to independently undertake international flights as a pilot is a fascinating facet of private aviation. However, this freedom comes with a number of responsibilities and requirements, especially when it comes to cross-border aviation. The key to a successful and smooth flight abroad lies in careful preparation and knowledge of the necessary documents, licences and regulations. 

Licences and authorisations 

A basic understanding of the various pilot licences and their validity in different countries is crucial. You can find all the important information about licences in our Pilot Hub Academy. The Private Pilot Licence (PPL), for example, which is issued in accordance with the ICAO standard, is recognised worldwide. You can therefore travel to all ICAO member states with this licence. In contrast, the Light Aircraft Pilot Licence (LAPL), an EASA-specific licence, is only valid within EASA member states. It is important to bear this in mind, as it is not possible to fly to Great Britain, for example, or to fly through Albania to Greece, for example. Pilots flying microlight aircraft (UL) must also be aware of the limitations of their licences, as some countries may not offer recognition. 

There are also special considerations when flying an aircraft registered in the USA (N-registered). As long as you are only flying in your home country, the licence acquired there is sufficient (e.g. the PPL licence acquired in Germany). However, if you want to fly abroad, you must have both a US licence and a corresponding European licence (see also the section below). 

From July 2025, holders of a US licence will also need a US postal address. See also the corresponding news article in the Pilot Hub.

Radio certificates and language skills 

A radiotelephony licence is required to operate an aeronautical radio station on board a German aircraft. For international flights, the restricted radiotelephony certificate II (BZF II) is not sufficient; a BZF I or a general radiotelephony certificate (AZF) is required. In addition, an ICAO language certificate level 4 or higher is required for radio communication in English. It is important to note that these are two different things and both a radiotelephony certificate and the ICAO language certificate are required. More about this in our Academy.

This also applies to pilots of N-registered aircraft. The US licence already includes the radiotelephony authorisation (which makes much more sense), so that no additional radiotelephony certificate is required in the USA itself. However, if you fly with the N-registered aircraft outside the USA, you do need this. In this case, however, you can easily obtain it from the US telecommunications authority FCC on presentation of the licence.

Travel documents and aeroplane documents 

The need for valid travel documents such as an identity card or passport depending on the destination is obvious. You should always inform yourself in advance. For example, a passport is of course required for flights to the UK after Brexit.

 For pilots of US-registered aircraft, it is equally important to carry the documents for customs clearance and taxation of the aircraft when importing into the European economic area. 

Fuelling cards 

A seemingly trivial, but in practice very important preparation is the procurement of fuel cards for refuelling abroad. As many airports outside Germany use automatic refuelling machines that require special fuel cards, it is advisable to equip yourself accordingly in advance. The AirBP card and the Total Energies card are examples of such fuel cards that enable problem-free refuelling. In particular, we would like to recommend the AirBP Sterlingcard. There are AirBP refuelling stations in many countries and the cards are accordingly very widespread and sometimes you can only pay with these cards, or at least it is easier. The card can be applied for at www.bp.com/sterlingcard and is always specific to one pilot and one aircraft.

Planning the international flight

Choosing a destination is the first step in planning a flight abroad. Sources of inspiration such as specialist articles, reports from other pilots on platforms such as eddh.de and discussions in pilot forums provide valuable ideas. Digital navigation apps and paper maps help to gain an initial overview of possible routes and destinations. 

In any case, the flight should be carefully planned. The Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA) regulate the requirements for flight preparation in SERA.2010. These apply to Germany as well as to neighbouring EASA countries. We have summarised all the important aspects of flight preparation in the Pilot Hub. 

Important documents and regulations 

It is essential to study the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) of the countries to be flown over. These publications, available online or in navigation apps, contain important information on airspace, procedures, aerodromes and special regulations. The ENR (Enroute) and AD (Aerodromes) sections are of particular interest, as they provide information on the need for flight plans and specific approach procedures. 

We have linked the AIPs of most European countries in the Pilot Hub!

Border police, customs and Airport of Entry 

A critical aspect of international flights is the handling of border police and customs formalities. The need for border police clearance depends on the Schengen Agreement and national regulations. Customs checks are particularly relevant for flights to or from non-EU countries. In some cases, landing at a specially designated Airport of Entry is required. This information can be found in the AIP of the destination country and the departure destination. See also the section further down in the article. 

Flight planning 

The creation of a flight plan is mandatory for cross-border flights in most countries. Modern tools and navigation apps make it much easier to create and submit flight plans. Important information in the flight plan includes the planned route, estimated times for entering foreign airspace (EET) and special equipment characteristics. It is advisable to plan waypoints and FIR border crossings precisely and make a note of them in the flight plan. 

As a rule, flight plans must be submitted to EOBT 60 minutes before the expected blocking time. 

Weather briefing 

Of course, the same weather briefing requirements apply for international flights as for domestic flights. However, this takes on a different flavour due to the often greater distance. You will often want to climb higher than on short flights. As a rule, you can expect less turbulence at higher altitudes. However, whether it is worth climbing high depends on the wind conditions and the performance of the aircraft. If you are flying VFR, the issue of "flying above clouds" can become relevant. 

For cross-country flights, you should always take a close look at the conditions at the departure point, the destination and the places on the journey. METARs and TAFs are available for this, as well as meteograms, cross-sections and other things. We have summarised links to specific weather information pages for each country in the information on the individual countries. 

Airspaces 

It is important to find out in advance about the airspace on the flight route. There may be different regulations depending on the country. There are also airspaces in certain countries that do not necessarily exist in Germany (e.g. Airspace A in Italy) and also other forms (e.g. ATZ - Aerodrome Traffic Zones that do not exist in Germany, but do exist in neighbouring countries). The legislation in the airspaces can also be different. While in Germany, for example, IFR traffic in airspace G is only permitted on specified approach and departure routes, in most other European countries IFR is also generally possible in airspace G.  

We have tried to summarise important country-specific differences. However, you should always obtain additional information and ideally study the AIP of the respective country. 

Practical tips for travelling 

In addition to the necessary documents and fuel cards, it is also advisable to think about practical items such as oil for the engine, warning waistcoats, lashing ropes and ground anchors for the journey. It is also advisable to take an additional charging cable and a power bank for navigation devices, sufficient cash and a credit card, as well as overwater equipment if necessary. 

Thoroughly preparing for a flight abroad can seem time-consuming, but with the right planning and the available digital tools, it is quite manageable. It is important to familiarise yourself with the regulations and requirements of the countries concerned at an early stage and to have all the necessary documents and information to hand.  

It can also be useful to access the experience of other pilots. Here you can often obtain important information or useful tips that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to obtain. Magazines, navigation apps or platforms such as www.eddh.de can help here. 

Entry requirements and customs

There are two different issues that need to be considered here. On the one hand, certain rules apply to member states of the EU, on the other hand, there are countries that are part of the Schengen Agreement, or are not, or have not fully implemented it. 

As a general rule, if countries have signed the Schengen Agreement, no passport controls are required. If the country is part of the EU, no customs clearance is required. Schengen and EU are now possible in any combination. Countries that are members of the EU AND have implemented the Schengen Agreement, i.e. where there is no passport control or customs, are Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, the Czech Republic and Hungary. 

Members of the EU are: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden. No customs inspection is therefore necessary here. 

The following EU countries are members of Schengen: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.  

In addition, the non-EU countries: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. 

If you want to enter countries where either customs clearance and/or border control is required (if the country is not part of the EU AND the Schengen Agreement), then some countries require that you are only allowed to enter via certain airports where a corresponding check can be carried out. These are called airports of entry. 

For flights within the EU, as described above, no customs clearance is required. But what is the situation when travelling outside the EU? 

In the recent past, there has been significant relief for general aviation as a result of changes to the European Union's customs regulations. At the centre of this is the amendment to Article 141 in EU Regulation 2020/877 of April 2020, which allows duty-free goods and aircraft to be transported on cross-border flights without prior declaration at customs aerodromes. This regulation applies to private travellers who are not carrying prohibited or restricted goods. 

This simplification is seen as particularly beneficial for general aviation, as it allows pilots to avoid visiting a customs aerodrome when flying in and out of countries such as Switzerland. However, the unclear and in some cases still unadapted implementation of this new regulation at national level in Germany and in some other EU countries has led to uncertainty. 

A particular problem is the practice of customs offices to declare their information as "not legally binding", which has led to caution among pilots in the past.  

To clarify these uncertainties, AOPA-Germany contacted the Directorate General of Customs in Bonn and received an answer that provides clarity: The legal amendment has been in force since 16 July 2020, regardless of the pending adjustment of the national regulation. This enables an implied customs declaration by simply crossing the border, as long as the requirements for a customs and import VAT-free transfer are met. However, this only applies to flights to the EU and not to flights to other countries outside the EU! Here, of course, the respective national laws apply.

However, it is important to note that the above information should be checked before departure using the AIP of the respective country and other information. For example, some countries such as France have suspended the Schengen Agreement during the Corona period. There are also countries such as Greece that are part of Schengen but still carry out entry checks. The following therefore applies: All information provided here Information is of course not legal advice and we strongly recommend that you check this before you fly.  

Country-specific information

Belgium may seem daunting at first glance due to its dense network of aerodromes, airspaces and restricted areas, but it offers a number of rewarding destinations for pilots. The challenge is to navigate between the various control zones, which is easily achievable with a little planning and knowledge of local regulations. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: No special border or customs control is required for flights within the Schengen area. You can fly directly to any airport. 
  • Flight plan: Although a flight plan is only required in controlled airspace, it is recommended due to the complexity of Belgian airspace. 
  • Flight plan submission and flight preparation including AIP via: ops.skeyes.bs 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000, and the nationwide frequency for the Flight Information Service (FIS) is 126.900 MHz. 
  • Altimeter: The transition altitude is 4500 ft MSL. Semi-circular flight altitudes must be maintained from 3000 ft 
  • ULs need an entry permit 

Highlights in Belgium 

  • Bruges: This picturesque city is known for its historic buildings and canals. The nearest airport is Ostend (EBOS). 
  • Antwerp: Offers an airport near the city and is particularly known for its diamond industry. 
  • Spa: The city is known for its thermal springs and the neighbouring Formula One racetrack. Spa airfield (EBSP) is located in the picturesque Ardennes. 

Denmark, known for its picturesque landscapes and the famous Danish South Sea with its numerous islands, offers pilots a particularly inviting flying experience. The flat topography and the high density of friendly, uncomplicated aerodromes make the country an ideal destination for flying enthusiasts. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Flight planning: A flight plan is required for flights in controlled airspace and cross-border flights. 
  • Flying over water: As flights over the sea are almost unavoidable in Denmark, life jackets should always be on board. A PLB emergency transmitter is also recommended.
  • Landing fees: The fees are moderate and transparent compared to other countries. 
  • The pilots all speak good English 
  • Although Denmark is a member of the EU and Schengen, the AIP requires entry via one of the listed "Airports of Entry"; however, there is no passport or customs control 
  • Increased liability insurance is required for flights in Denmark. This should be clarified with the charter company or your own insurer 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 
  • The transition altitude is 3000 ft, in Copenhagen 5000 ft. Above this altitude, semi-circular flight altitudes apply 
  • Briefing via: briefing.naviair.dk; AIP and further information at: aim.naviair.dk 
  • ULs need an entry permit 

Excursion tips in Denmark 

  • Legoland Billund: Right next to Billund Airport, a paradise not only for children. 
  • Copenhagen: Easily accessible via Roskilde Airport, the capital offers a mixture of historical beauty and modern flair. 
  • Island of Ærø: Known for its idyllic landscapes and the charming town of Ærøskøbing. 

This is a very specific topic and only relevant if you have a US pilot licence (e.g. PPL) and want to fly in the EASA area. While this was previously possible with the US licence, since mid-2023 a transfer to a European EASA licence has been necessary. This step is necessary for all pilots with a US licence residing in the EASA area who wish to fly N-registered aircraft in Europe. A bilateral agreement between the EU and the USA, known as BASA (Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement), and its technical implementation provisions in TIP-L (Technical Implementation Procedures for Airworthiness and Environmental Certification), have simplified the conversion process. 

Key points and requirements for the transcription: 

  1. EASA medical certificate: A valid EASA medical certificate is required. People who can only obtain the FAA medical face problems.
  2. German radiotelephony certificate: A BZF (for VFR licences) or AZF (with instrument rating) limited to English is issued on the basis of the US licence. The German part of the radiotelephony licence can be obtained through a simplified examination without a written part. The entry "English proficient" in the US licence is regarded as ICAO language certificate level 4, which must be renewed every four years.
  3. Background check (ZÜP): A background check of the applicant is required.

Rewriting process for specific authorisations: 

PPL (Private Pilot Licence): After applying to the state aviation authority and obtaining an EASA certificate of airworthiness and the required radiotelephony licence, only a practical test is required. The theoretical knowledge is also tested. 

Night flight authorisation: A minimum of 5 hours flying time at night is required, including 3 hours with instructor, 1 hour cross-country flight and 5 solo takeoffs and landings. FAA training is recognised. 

Instrument rating (IFR): A simple revalidation is possible if more than 50 hours of IFR flight time as PIC (Pilot in Command) can be demonstrated. It is important to note that the FAA counts one flight hour as IFR time when flying exclusively under instruments, whereas the EASA counts flight time under IFR flight plan, even in good weather. If you have less than 50 hours of IFR experience, a written theory test is also required. Acclimatisation flights are also necessary if there are no 10 hours of PIC under IFR in the EASA area. 

Recommendations: 

- Early application for transfer of the licence including the necessary additional authorisations and checks. 

- Refreshing European theory knowledge for the practical exam. 

- Aim for at least 50 hours of IFR flight time as PIC to avoid the expense of the theory test. 

In summary, pilots with a US licence who wish to fly in Europe must go through this revalidation process to obtain the required European licences and ratings. 

France, the country known for its exquisite cuisine, impressive landscapes and rich history, also offers an unrivalled experience for pilots. The variety of flying destinations ranges from the beaches of the Côte d'Azur to the snow-capped peaks of the Alps. But before you take to the skies above France, there are a few special features to bear in mind. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry and flight planning: Even though France is part of the Schengen area, pilots should note that certain airports suspend the Schengen Agreement, so that a border check is required, which must be notified in advance. 
  • Flight plan: Required for international flights 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here 
  • Language: Although English is widely used and accepted as the language of communication in aviation in France, French may be the only language at some smaller aerodromes. This is noted on the approach charts. 
  • Lunch break: In France there is a lunch break at almost all aerodromes. During this time, the aerodromes are still open and can be approached, but without anyone on the radio. Often only French is spoken on the radio during this time. Therefore: Be sure to check the AIP. 
  • Airspace structure: French airspace can appear complicated at first glance, with numerous controlled and uncontrolled areas as well as military zones. Thorough preparation and planning, taking this airspace structure into account, are essential. Permanent contact with FIS (which in France is called SIV with the call sign "Info") is also strongly recommended 
  • The transition altitude is 1500 ft above the aerodrome and the semi-circular altitudes apply from 3000 ft AGL 
  • Petrol stations: There are self-service petrol stations at many French airports. It is advisable to have an international fuel card ready so that you can refuel without any problems. 
  • The following applies to unoccupied aerodromes: you should fly over the aerodrome at 500 feet above the aerodrome circuit altitude, observe the windsock and then join the aerodrome circuit. The respective position must be communicated by radio

Excursion tips 

  • The Côte d'Azur: Take off from airports such as Cannes or Nice for an unforgettable flight along the French Riviera with its crystal-clear waters and sophisticated cities. 
  • The Loire Valley: Known for its magnificent castles and sprawling vineyards, the Loire Valley offers a whole new perspective on this historic region of France from the air. 
  • The Alps: fly over the breathtaking landscapes of the French Alps. For experienced pilots, the so-called "Altiports" offer a unique challenge and the opportunity to land directly in ski resorts such as Courchevel. 
  • The Dune du Pilat: Located near Bordeaux, this highest shifting dune in Europe is a spectacular natural phenomenon that is particularly impressive from the air. 

A highly recommended website with lots of detailed information can be found here: http://www.fliegen-in-frankreich.de/ 

Flying in Great Britain and Ireland is a unique adventure, characterised by idyllic landscapes, historic sights and famous hospitality. However, aviation in these countries has its own special features that need to be taken into account.  

With Brexit, the entry procedures for pilots have changed. Completing the General Aviation Report (GAR) at least two hours before arrival is a must. It can be found here: www.submit-general-aviation-report.service.gov.uk. Such a form must also be completed for departure. Since 2024, however, not every aerodrome may be approached directly. The airfield must be a so-called "regulated aerodrome" or have the status "customs and excise designated". There is a list of all aerodromes that fulfil these conditions: www.gov.uk/government/publications/general-aviation-operators-and-pilots-notification-of-flights.

From 2 April 2025, all Europeans will also need an "Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)" to enter the UK.

The varied landscape and complex airspace, particularly around London and along the south coast, require thorough flight preparation. A moving map is essential.  

Great Britain is characterised by a high density of Aerodrome Traffic Zones (ATZs). Entry into controlled zones requires clearance or at least radio contact. The FIS services, London Information and Scottish Information, as well as the Low Altitude Radar Service (LARS) provide support. In contrast to Germany with the "Request Traffic Information", four different services can be requested from FIS in Great Britain: Basic Service (here you receive QNH and weather warnings but no traffic information), Traffic Service (here you receive additional traffic information), deconfliction service (offers a type of separation, but requires an instrument rating) and procedural service (for separation of flights without radar for instrument approaches).  

The "overhead join" is a characteristic approach procedure at British aerodromes. In addition, there are specific radio phrases and procedures that differ from those in other countries. Prior notification (PPR) is required for many aerodromes. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: The UK is now neither an EU member nor a Schengen country. Therefore, the GAR form must be completed online before every flight to and within the UK 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is required for border crossings. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000. However, there are many zones where a special code must be used. If in doubt, the pilots will request this with "Squawk Conspicuity".
  • PPR: Pre-registration required at most aerodromes. Here you should definitely inform yourself beforehand
  • Airspace: Preparation for complex airspace structures and specific approach procedures. 
  • FIS has no radar. Only the LARS service has radar 
  • A special licence is required for ULs 

A very good website with lots of information can be found here: http://www.fliegen-in-uk.de/ 

As a member of the EU, Ireland facilitates flight operations, although border clearance is required. Ireland's scenic beauty, from the dramatic cliffs to the rolling hills, makes every flight an unforgettable experience.  

Ireland has a less complex airspace structure than the UK, with the exception of the airspace around Shannon. The air traffic controllers are known for their helpfulness and relaxed attitude.  

In Ireland, the airfields are less dense and many are also used by airlines. However, the Emerald Isle offers some of the most spectacular aerial views in Europe, including the Cliffs of Moher and the Slieve League cliffs. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: Ireland is part of the EU but not Schengen, so border control clearance is required. A form must be completed in advance and there may be specific requirements depending on the airport, so it is essential to find out in advance. In general, certain Airports of Entry must be approached initially 
  • Flight plan: Required for all border crossings. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000, for entry into the Shannon FIR it is 2000 
  • FIS is taken over by Shannon Control 
  • ULs need a licence 

Italy, with its diverse landscape, rich history and cultural diversity, is a dream destination for many pilots. However, flying in Italy poses a particular challenge with its alpine challenges, complex airspace structures and specific operating procedures.  

The first step on the road to Italy is often over the Alps, with the Brenner route a popular choice. The Italian landscape itself is far from flat, with the Apennines running north to south across the country and the Abruzzo mountains, whose highest peak, the Gran Sasso, reaches 9500 feet. The coasts, however, offer mostly free flight opportunities as long as the weather co-operates. 

Italian airspace can be particularly challenging for foreign pilots. Many areas, especially above 1000 feet AGL, are covered with class D control zones, which may only be flown through with clearance. Open and direct communication with air traffic control is crucial. It is customary to state right at the beginning of a radio call if there is no flight plan ("no flight plan") to avoid misunderstandings. 

There are four main categories of aerodromes in Italy, from the large "Avioporti" with strict operating regulations and handling fees to the small "Campo di Volo" for microlight aircraft. The availability of avgas is particularly limited in the south of Italy and can have a significant impact on route planning. Careful preparation and liaising with the destinations is therefore essential. 

Italy offers a wealth of flying and cultural experiences. From the historic city of Venice, which is easy to reach from Lido di Venezia Airport, to the operatic nights in Verona or the charm of Tuscany - Italy has something for everyone. A flight over the volcanic islands or the Amalfi Coast is a special experience, even if access by plane can sometimes be restricted. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: As an EU member and Schengen country, entry is possible directly to any airport. 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is required for border crossings. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000. 
  • Weather information: Available in Italian via (http://www.meteoam.it). 
  • There is airspace A in which VFR flights are generally prohibited 
  • There are two types of ATZ (Aerodrome Traffic Zones): ATZs in control zones where the rules of the control zone apply and ATZs outside control zones where airspace G applies 
  • The transition altitude varies depending on the airfield and is stated in the AIP; above 3000 ft AGL, semi-circular altitudes apply; however, these are not divided into east and west courses as usual, but into north and south courses. Between 270 degrees and 089 degrees magnetic track you fly even thousand altitudes and in the corresponding south courses then odd thousand altitudes 
  • FIS and ATC: Contact with FIS or ATC is required for border crossings. It is often necessary to contact an approach frequency instead of FIS. 

A very good website with lots of information can be found here: http://www.fliegen-in-italien.de/ 

Croatia, which lies on the crystal-clear Adriatic Sea and offers an abundance of islands, historic towns and picturesque coastlines, has been a Schengen member since the beginning of 2023.  

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry only requires a flight plan, customs or border police checks are not necessary.  
  • In uncontrolled airspace, the standard transponder code is 2000.  
  • Weather and flight information is available online free of charge at crocontrol.hr/en/. 
  • Transition Altitude is 10,000 ft MSL and semi-circular altitudes apply from 3000 ft. 
  • Ultralight aircraft do not require a special licence.  
  • Controlled airspace C or D begins almost everywhere at 1000 feet AGL, which is why contact with Zagreb Information or radar is essential. 
  • There are many VFR flight routes along the coast with the designation "Adriatic" and a number

Excursion tips 

  • Dubrovnik (LDDU):The pearl of the Adriatic, known for its impressive old town, but with relatively high charges. 
  • Brac Island (LDSB): Offers a beautiful airfield close to the famous Zlatni Rat beach. A good alternative to the busier destinations and ideal for a relaxing beach holiday. 

Luxembourg may be a special case due to the small number of aerodromes (one grass field and the large international airport), but it still offers interesting flying experiences, especially thanks to Luxembourg International Airport (ELLX). 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: As in the other BeNeLux countries, no special border or customs control is required. 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is required in Luxembourg's controlled airspace. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here, and the FIS is adopted by "Luxembourg Approach". 
  • ULs need a licence 

Highlights in Luxembourg 

  • Luxembourg City: The historic city centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers a multitude of sights. 

The Netherlands offers pilots a flat and therefore relatively easy flying terrain. However, the high density of airspace and the proximity to major airports such as Amsterdam require careful planning. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • The Netherlands is a member of the EU and Schengen, so no passport or customs control is required; all airports can be approached directly 
  • Flight plan: Is required and can facilitate navigation through complex airspace structures. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code in the Netherlands is also 7000, and special zones such as TMZ (Transponder Mandatory Zone) and RMZ (Radio Mandatory Zone) require appropriate equipment and communication. 
  • Transition Altitude is 3500 ft. Above this altitude the semi-circular flight altitudes apply 
  • ULs do not require a separate entry permit 

Highlights in the Netherlands 

  • Amsterdam: Lelystad Airport (EHLE) serves as the gateway to the capital. The area is also known for its tulip fields in spring. 
  • North Sea islands: Ameland (EHAL) and Texel (EHTX) are popular destinations with a friendly atmosphere and close proximity to beaches and dunes. 

With its dramatic fjords, high mountains and breathtaking coastline, Norway offers an unrivalled flying experience. However, the flying challenges, especially due to the terrain and weather, should not be underestimated. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Weather: Weather conditions can change quickly, especially in the mountains and along the coast. A thorough weather check before the flight is essential. 
  • Flight plan submission: For safety reasons and due to the sometimes remote regions, a flight plan is also strongly recommended for domestic flights. It is mandatory for flights across the border.  
  • Flight schedule and weather can be accessed via www.ippc.no
  • Landing fees: By purchasing a Weekly Season Card from Avinor (the operator of most airfields), landing and parking fees can be covered at a flat rate. Info at: www.avinor.no
  • Norway is a member of the Schengen Agreement but not a member of the EU, so customs clearance is necessary. As a rule, however, the flight plan must be sent to customs in advance and then all seats can be flown to privately and directly 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000 
  • Transition altitude is generally 3000 ft, but may be different at individual aerodromes 
  • ULs need an entry permit 

Excursion tips in Norway 

  • Geirangerfjord: One of the most famous fjords, close to Ørsta-Volda/Hovden airfield. 
  • Lofoten: The archipelago offers spectacular scenery and can be reached via Svolvær Airport. 
  • North Cape: The ultimate destination for many pilots, accessible via Honningsvåg airfield. 

Flying in Austria offers a breathtaking backdrop, especially when travelling through the majestic Alps. However, in addition to the spectacular scenery, pilots should also be aware of the special challenges and regulations that flying in this country entails. 

Special features of flying in Austria 

The Alps are one of the biggest attractions for pilots, but they also come with risks, such as changing weather conditions and the need to manage the aircraft at higher altitudes. Experience in mountain flying or a special briefing is strongly recommended. 

Austria offers numerous attractive flight destinations. For example, flying along the Danube valley offers a way to avoid the Alps and still enjoy breathtaking views. Aerodromes such as Zell am See or St. Johann not only offer spectacular approaches, but also a hospitable atmosphere or make it possible to land virtually in a ski resort. 

If you want to continue to southern Europe, you will most likely fly through Austria or Switzerland and then have to cross the Alps. To fly around the Alps you either have to fly west over the Rhone valley in France or east over Vienna, Graz and then Slovenia.

If you are flying over the Alps, there are a number of passes that are suitable, such as the route over the Brenner Pass. There are numerous tips and experiences that can be found by searching the internet.

Important notes 

  • Entry: For flights from the EU, no special border police clearance or customs checks are required. All airports can be approached directly 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is required for cross-border flights. However, there is a special exception for aircraft from Germany that do not fly over a third country. In this case, a flight plan is not mandatory. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000. 
  • Transition Altitude is usually 10,000 ft. 
  • Weather information and GAFOR: Austria offers special weather forecasts for flights through the Alpine valleys, which can be accessed via Austro Control at https://www.homebriefing.com/cms-acg/opencms/de/home/. You have to register here free of charge. The GAFOR forecast here is not for specific areas, but along specific routes 
  • Ultralight aircraft: No special authorisation is required for German ULs, but an ELT or PLB emergency transmitter must be carried on board. 
  • There are some nature parks that can only be flown over at high altitude, so it is important to take this into account when planning your flight.

Poland offers pilots a rich palette of landscapes and historical sites, from the Baltic coast to the Giant Mountains. The variety of flight destinations ranges from the Hanseatic city of Gdansk to the Masurian Lake District. The proximity to non-EU countries requires special attention to airspace, especially the ADIZs on the borders with Ukraine, Belarus and Kaliningrad. 

Interesting facts for pilots in Poland 

  • No customs control is required and all airports can be approached directly 
  • Flight planning: No flight plan is required for flights from Germany, Lithuania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic in uncontrolled airspace, otherwise a flight plan is required 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here 
  • Airspace utilisation: Poland has numerous temporary restricted areas (TSA/TMA), the status of which can be viewed on the pansa.pl website. 
  • Transition Altitude is 6500 ft and above 3000 ft the half circle altitudes apply 
  • ULs do not require authorisation for a stay of less than 3 months 

Excursion tips in Poland 

  • Gdansk (Gdańsk): With its rich history and picturesque buildings, a must for every visitor. 
  • Masurian Lake District: Offers spectacular water landscapes and is ideal for a longer stay. 
  • Krakow: Known as the cultural capital of Poland with a wealth of historical sights. 

Portugal is an attractive destination for pilots. Despite the introduction of an environment-related route tax, which initially caused concern, private flights with small aircraft appear to be exempt from this tax. Experience shows that the practical implementation of the tax for foreign visitors does not take place due to implementation difficulties. 

The number of airfields in Portugal may be fewer than in Spain, but they offer access to all the interesting regions of the country. From Porto to the Algarve, via Lisbon, there are various options for pilots, depending on the desired region and the specific local conditions, such as handling duties and fuel availability. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: As an EU member and Schengen country, no border controls or customs clearance are required here. Direct flights to all airports are possible. 
  • Flight plan: Required for border crossings and the use of VFR tunnels. 
  • Transponder: Standard VFR code is 7000. 
  • Transition altitude is regulated depending on the aerodrome and semi-circular flight altitudes apply from 3000 ft; however, these are not divided into east and west courses as usual, but into north and south courses. Between 270 degrees and 089 degrees magnetic track you fly even thousand altitudes and in the corresponding south courses then odd thousand altitudes 
  • Microlight aircraft: No entry authorisation required. 
  • FIS: Helpful and communicates well in English. 
  • VFR tunnels: Specific rules for transit around Porto, Lisbon and Faro must be observed.  
  • Environmental tax: You should obtain up-to-date information here, as the practical application may change. 

Romania, a country full of history and natural beauty, awaits the visiting pilot with the Carpathian Mountains, the Danube and the Black Sea. From impressive gorges in the Carpathian Mountains to the vast sandy beaches of the Black Sea, there is much to discover here. 

Interesting facts for pilots in Romania 

  • Entry: As an EU country but not located in the Schengen area, Romania requires border police clearance at designated airports. You must therefore fly to the relevant airports (Airports of Entry) 
  • Flight planning: Cross-border flights require a flight plan, as does entry into controlled airspace. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here 
  • ULs do not require a separate licence 

Excursion tips in Romania 

  • The Iron Gate: The spectacular Danube Gorge is a must-see for every visitor and offers breathtaking views from the air. 
  • Carpathians: With historic cities such as Sibiu and Brasov as well as the two "Dracula castles", the mountains offer numerous flight destinations. 
  • Black Sea: The coastal city of Constanta and the Danube Delta are ideal destinations for nature and culture lovers. 

Sweden attracts pilots with its extensive forests, coasts and the famous archipelago coast. Flying here is characterised by vast landscapes and a large number of unmanned but well-equipped airfields. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Sweden is an EU and Schengen member, so there are no passport or customs checks. All airports can be approached directly 
  • Fuel cards: It is recommended that you purchase an AirBP fuel card, as many airports use fuel terminals that often only accept these cards. 
  • Flight plan submission: A flight plan is required for cross-border flights, the submission is uncomplicated and can be done online at: https://aro.lfv.se 
  • Language: English is spoken at all airports and communication is generally uncomplicated. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000 
  • The transition altitude varies depending on the site; semi-circular altitudes apply from 3000 ft AGL 
  • AIP and weather and flight information at: aro.lfv.se 
  • ULs do not require a special entry permit 

Excursion tips in Sweden 

  • Stockholm Bromma: Enables a city break with a direct approach to the capital. 
  • Gotland: The island offers historical sites and impressive nature. 

Switzerland, with its even higher Alpine peaks than Austria, offers unique challenges and unforgettable experiences for pilots. However, flying here requires careful planning and knowledge of the local regulations. 

Special features of flying in Switzerland 

Although Switzerland is part of the Schengen area, it is not part of the EU. This has an impact on customs clearance when entering and leaving the country. See also our information on the subject of tolls in the Pilot Hub. In addition, microlight aircraft must apply for special licences and a special briefing is required for certain airfields, such as Samedan. 

Important notes 

  • Entry and customs: Customs clearance is not necessary. The following applies to customs control: If you are flying privately from the EU and have nothing to declare, no customs control is necessary in the country of departure, but it is necessary in Switzerland itself on entry and exit. Similarly, entry is only possible via certain airports (Airports of Entry). 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is mandatory for cross-border flights. This can be found at www.skybriefing.com be abandoned 
  • Information on necessary liability insurance: www.imf.org 
  • There is also a GAFOR aviation weather forecast in Switzerland, but not for specific areas, but along routes through the valleys of the Alps
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code in Switzerland is also 7000. 
  • Transition Altitude is 3000ft AGL and above that the semi-circular altitudes apply 
  • Weather information: Weather forecasts are available via the national Skybriefing service, GAFOR forecasts provide information specifically for the Alpine valleys. 
  • Radiotelephony: In Switzerland, the use of a national language other than English is now permitted, which may also include French or Italian. 

Excursion tips 

A flight to Lausanne aerodrome on Lake Geneva or to Buochs near Lake Lucerne not only offers magnificent scenery, but also good connections for exploring the surrounding area. For the more adventurous, a flight around the Alps with destinations such as the Matterhorn or the Aletsch Glacier offers an unrivalled experience, but requires good weather and adequate preparation. 

Slovakia, known for its numerous castles, palaces and the breathtaking Tatra Mountains, offers unique flying experiences. The historical and scenic diversity makes the country an attractive destination for pilots in search of adventure. 

Interesting facts for pilots in Slovakia 

  • No customs or passport control is required and all airports can be approached directly 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is required for cross-border flights, with the exception of flights to/from the Czech Republic and Poland. 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here 
  • Transition Altitude is 10,000 ft MSL; if you are flying below 1000ft above ground, enter your altitude in feet above ground, only above 1000 ft then as usual in ft above MSK according to local QNH; Semi-circular flight altitudes from 3000 ft. 
  • ULs do not require a separate licence 

Excursion tips in Slovakia 

  • High Tatras: A paradise for nature lovers and hikers. 
  • Spiš Castle: One of the largest castle complexes in Central Europe and a historical highlight. 
  • Český Krumlov: The town on the Vltava bend is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers a picturesque backdrop. 

Slovenia, nestled between the majestic Alps and the picturesque Adriatic coast, is a Schengen member, which makes it easier for pilots from other Schengen states to enter the country. 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • No customs or border police checks are required; all airports can be approached directly 
  • A flight plan is mandatory for border crossings.  
  • The standard transponder code in uncontrolled airspace is 7000 
  • Transition altitude is usually 10,500 ft MSL; the semi-circular altitudes apply above 3000 ft. 
  • No special authorisation is required for microlight aircraft registered in Germany, but a flight plan is required 
  • Communication with Ljubljana Information covers the entire national territory.  

Excursion tips 

  • Portoroz (LJPZ): The gateway to the Adriatic, offering access to the charming towns of Piran and Portoroz. The aerodrome itself is known for its hospitality to pilots, including the legendary welcome schnapps.  
  • Bled: Famous for its picturesque location on the lake, Bled Castle and the island church, which can only be reached by rowing boat. The nearby Lesce-Bled aerodrome (LJBL) makes this idyllic spot easily accessible for pilots. 

Aviation in Spain offers a fascinating mix of breathtaking landscapes, a rich history and a multitude of cultural monuments. The intense colours of the earth, from yellow to brown to orange, and the vast fields of olive and almond trees and vines characterise the interior and make flying an incomparable experience. However, aviation on the Iberian Peninsula is associated with a number of bureaucratic hurdles and obstacles, including expensive handling fees at many Spanish airports. 

Spanish airspace is often dominated by class D or C areas, but with a little planning and communication with the controllers, these obstacles can be easily overcome. Particularly in central Spain and along special VFR routes, such as west of Madrid, flying through is often unproblematic. On the Mediterranean coast, near major airports such as Barcelona or Alicante, navigation is more challenging. Here, a precise study of the airspace structure and direct contact with the controllers is essential in order to avoid airspace violations and fines.                                                          

The availability of avgas (you should call and ask beforehand to be sure) and the need to provide a VAT ID when paying for fuel (in Spain every citizen has a VAT ID, but here only companies do. If you are asked for one, you can simply give any number you like. This has no consequences for the holder of the ID. The fuel in Spain is already fully taxed), are specific peculiarities when refuelling in Spain.  

A special issue is handling. At smaller aerodromes not managed by AENA, such as Ampuriabrava or Mutxamel, there are no bureaucratic hurdles and you can simply land without PPR and without handling. However, you have to be careful at larger aerodromes managed by the aviation service provider ANEA. These aerodromes often have a handling obligation, which can be very expensive, as the handling agents are free to set their own prices! It is essential to be familiar with the agreement between AOPA Spain and AENA: www.aopa-spain.org/index.php/es/defensa-de-la-ag/handling. You should definitely choose a commercial airline handling agent such as Iberia. A simplified handling service (escort service to the aircraft) has been agreed with them for 11 euros gross. Therefore, you should definitely apply for this handling service before the flight until you receive confirmation of the "servicio de acompanamiento en plataforma". 

Interesting facts for pilots 

  • Entry: As an EU member and Schengen country, direct flights are possible to any airport. 
  • Flight plan: A flight plan is required for border crossings. This can be submitted at: notampib.enaire.es/icaro 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code is 7000. 
  • Transition altitude is 6000 ft MSL with some exceptions. Semi-circular altitudes apply from 3000 ft; however, these are not divided into east and west courses as usual, but into north and south courses. Between 270 degrees and 089 degrees Magnetic track you fly even thousand altitudes and in the corresponding south courses then odd thousand altitudes 
  • The AIP is available at: ais.enaire.es/aip 
  • Microlight aircraft: An entry permit is required and there are specific altitude restrictions. 
  • FIS: Direct contact with ATC centres if required, as there is no dedicated flight information service. 

The Czech Republic attracts visitors with the historical beauty of Prague, the world-famous breweries in Pilsen and Budweis and the picturesque landscapes along the border to the Giant Mountains. The Czech Republic is particularly attractive due to its rich history and well-developed infrastructure for general aviation. 

Interesting facts for pilots in the Czech Republic 

  • No customs or passport control is required and all airports can be approached directly 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here 
  • Transition Altitude is 5000 ft MSL, in the mountains 1000ft AGL 
  • AIP at: aim.rlp.cz 
  • Flight planning: No flight plan is required for cross-border flights to and from Schengen states. 
  • Online briefing via: https://ibs.rlp.cz/home.do 
  • ULs do not require a separate licence 

Excursion tips in the Czech Republic 

  • Prague: The golden city on the Vltava, with countless bridges and the historic Old Town. 
  • Karlovy Vary: A spa town with thermal springs and a rich history. 
  • Breweries in Pilsen and Budweis: a must for beer lovers. 

Hungary, located directly behind Austria, offers a multitude of cultural and natural attractions. From the vibrant capital Budapest to the idyllic Lake Balaton, the country offers a variety of experiences for flying visitors. 

Interesting facts for pilots in Hungary 

  • Entry: Hungary is an EU member and part of Schengen. Therefore, neither border control nor customs are required. Nevertheless, an approach via one of the airports of entry is required. Budapest International, Debrecen and Heviz can be approached without prior notification. Other airports can also be approached directly, but require a few days' notice. It is essential to enquire at the respective airport 
  • Flight planning: A flight plan is required for most cross-border flights and entry into controlled airspace. The flight plan can be found at: www.netbriefing.hu be abandoned 
  • Transponder: The standard VFR code 7000 also applies here; in controlled airspace: 2000 
  • You should remain in constant listening mode with FIS
  • The transition altitude is usually 10,000 ft MSL and semi-circular altitudes apply from 3500 ft MSL 
  • ULs do not require special authorisation under certain conditions: Info here: www.up2sky.org 

 

Excursion tips in Hungary 

  • Budapest: One of the most beautiful capital cities in Europe, famous for its architecture and thermal baths. The Budaörs grass airfield is ideal for the approach. 
  • Balaton: A popular holiday destination with its mild climate and vineyards. Heviz-Balaton Airport is a good starting point. 
  • Schlosshotel Hertelendy: For a luxurious break with horse-drawn carriage pick-up directly from the grass pitch. 

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