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Pseudo self-employment for freelance flight instructors

Last updated on 15 March 2025
General aviation in Germany is facing a serious challenge: more and more freelance flight instructors and flight schools are being confronted with accusations of bogus self-employment by the German Pension Insurance (DRV). In practice, this means high additional claims for social security contributions, sometimes over several years - a financial burden that threatens the existence of many of those affected. The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Germany (AOPA-Germany), one of the most important organisations representing the interests of general aviation in Germany, has therefore decided to become a member of the Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Selbstständigenverbände (BAGSV). Together with other professional groups, it is campaigning for an urgently needed reform of the status of solo self-employed pilots in order to create legal certainty for flight instructors and other affected freelancers.

The problem: bogus self-employment and pension insurance

According to the current legal situation, German pension insurance considers many solo self-employed persons - including freelance flight instructors - to be bogus self-employed if certain criteria are met. These include, among others:

  • Working for only one or a few clients
  • Being bound by instructions when carrying out the work
  • Integration into a company's operational processes
  • Lack of own social security cover

As soon as the DRV establishes bogus self-employment, there is a risk of substantial additional contribution claims - often in the five- or six-figure range. As many flight schools employ their flight instructors as freelancers, they are also targeted by the authorities and face high financial risks.

Court decisions confirm DRV interpretation

Various court cases in recent years have strengthened the position of the pension insurance scheme. In several cases, social courts have ruled that freelance flight instructors are de facto employees and therefore subject to social security contributions.

These judgements have serious consequences for many of those affected: Flight schools must either make high additional payments or take on the flight instructors as permanent employees - a model that is not economically viable for many small and medium-sized flight schools.

Why is this a problem for general aviation?

Freelance flight instructors are the backbone of pilot training in Germany. Without them, the operation of many flight schools would hardly be possible, as it is often not financially feasible to employ flight instructors on a permanent basis. The current legal uncertainty has several negative consequences:

  • Decrease in available flight instructorsMany qualified instructors give up their jobs or move abroad, where freelance work is clearly regulated.
  • Closure of flight schoolsSmall and medium-sized flight schools cannot bear the financial risks and are ceasing operations.
  • Endangering the training of young talentIf there are fewer flight instructors, the training costs for prospective pilots will rise - with negative consequences for the aviation industry as a whole.

The BAGSV petition: demand for clear positive criteria for self-employment

To solve the problem, the BAGSV is in favour of a fundamental reform of the status of the self-employed. A central demand is the introduction of clear positive criteriawhich clearly define a self-employed activity and thus ensure legal certainty.

This is where the new petition "Legalise freelancing - reform bogus self-employment". It calls on politicians to develop practicable solutions on the basis of position papers from the BAGSV, the Association of Founders and Self-Employed Persons in Germany (VGSD) and the digital association Bitkom implement.

The aim of the petition

  • Clear and practical definition of self-employment
  • Legal certainty for solo freelancers and their clients
  • Abolition of the blanket assumption of bogus self-employment
  • Avoidance of additional claims that threaten the existence of the company

What can everyone do?

AOPA-Germany calls on all affected and interested persons to actively support the petition:

Sign the petitionEvery signature strengthens the demand for a just solution.
Share the petition in your networksThe more attention the issue receives, the greater the political pressure.
Speak directly to politicians about thisLegal changes are necessary - and they will only come about through political will.

Click here for the petition: Legalise freelancing - reform bogus self-employment

Conclusion: A reform is urgently needed

The current uncertainty regarding bogus self-employment threatens the future of many flight instructors, flight schools and ultimately general aviation in Germany. Without clear legal regulations, it will become increasingly difficult to retain qualified instructors in the industry and ensure high-quality pilot training.

It is therefore crucial to advocate for reform - not only for those affected, but for the entire aviation community - to ensure a safe and smooth transition.


Source references:
AOPA

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