Background: Regular airspace validation
Once a year, DFS reviews the organisation of the existing airspace in Germany. These validations serve to adapt aviation safety to current traffic flows, technological developments and statistically recorded incidents. The most recent investigation shows that the number of so-called AIRPROX reports - i.e. dangerous approaches between aircraft - has continued to increase, particularly in Airspace E.
Special features of airspace E
Category E controlled airspace in Germany typically extends from 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) up to an altitude of FL100. Both IFR and VFR flights may take place here. While IFR flights are monitored and guided by air traffic control, VFR flights are largely autonomous and operate according to visual flight rules. This means that the avoidance of conflicts is essentially based on the "see and avoid" principle.
Particularly in phases with heavy IFR approach traffic - for example in the area of larger regional or commercial airports - there is a considerable burden. During this time, IFR pilots have to concentrate on complex approach procedures, radio contacts and checklists, which limits their ability to visually observe the airspace. For VFR pilots, this means that they are required to recognise and take evasive action in good time.
Three priority regions with increased risk
DFS has identified three geographical areas in which critical situations have repeatedly occurred over the past year:
- SalzburgIFR approaches here pass through German airspace E. The narrow approach routes lead to an increased probability of encounters.
- LübeckThe approach axes to Lübeck Airport are affected by a large number of smaller VFR movements, which has repeatedly led to evasive manoeuvres by large aircraft.
- OberpfaffenhofenIFR traffic to the traditional airport in the south of Munich cuts through VFR-dense areas where sports and business aircraft regularly fly.
In all three regions, IFR approaches were aborted after pilots recognised visual aircraft in the immediate vicinity.
Recommended actions for VFR pilots
In order to minimise the risk of further incidents, DFS is making specific recommendations to general aviation pilots:
- Intensify airspace monitoringIFR traffic at low altitudes is to be expected in the areas mentioned.
- Avoid large areasCommercial aircraft leave behind strong wake vortices that are invisible but potentially dangerous.
- Observe the limits of airspace E: It is advisable not to use height and side limits to the last metre.
- Use the flight information serviceContact with FIS provides valuable support and traffic information.
- Do not insist on the right of first refusalCommercial aircraft are generally more cumbersome and have limited visibility.
Increasing importance of sensitisation
DFS makes it clear that dangerous approaches are not a phenomenon limited to certain regions, but occur throughout Germany. However, the identification of hotspots is intended to raise awareness among the VFR community. Particularly in view of the growing number of business flights and parallel use by gliders and motorised aircraft, the active cooperation of all road users is crucial.
Outlook
Although the airspace structure in Germany is regularly reviewed and adapted, the shared responsibility of individual pilots remains the most important safety instrument in mixed traffic. Initiatives such as information campaigns, aerodrome briefings and the increased use of digital collision warning systems will play an even greater role in the future.
The message from DFS is clear: dangerous approaches in Airspace E can only be avoided through increased attention, consideration and consistent action.
Source references:
DFS